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        <DIV id=efpContent><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;狮子林（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Lion Grove Garden</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），一般所指为苏州园林中的狮子林，狮子林为苏州四大名园之一，至今已有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">650</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年的历史。位于苏州市市城东北园林路。因园内&ldquo;林有竹万，竹下多怪石，状如狻猊（狮子）者&rdquo;，又因天如禅师维则得法于浙江天目山狮子岩普应国师中峰，为纪念佛徒衣钵、师承关系，取佛经中狮子座之意，故名&ldquo;狮子林&rdquo;。另外在北京圆明园、承德避暑山庄中则各有一处仿建。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 15.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">简介</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　狮子林为苏州四大名园之一，至今已有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">650</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多年的历史，为元代园林的代表。位于江苏省苏州市城区东北角的园林路</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">23</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号，平面成东西稍宽的长方形，占地</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1.1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公顷，开放面积</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">0.88</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公顷。园内假山遍布，长廊环绕，楼台隐现，曲径通幽，有迷阵一般的感觉。长廊的墙壁中嵌有宋代四大名家苏轼、米芾、黄庭坚、蔡襄的书法碑及南宋文天祥《梅花诗》的碑刻作品。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　东南多山，西北多水，四周高墙深宅，曲廊环抱。以中部的水池为中心，叠山造屋，移花栽木，架桥设亭，使得全园布局紧凑，富有&ldquo;咫足山林&rdquo;意境。狮子林既有苏州古典园林亭、台、楼、阁、厅、堂、轩、廊之人文景观，更以湖山奇石，洞壑深邃而盛名于世，素有&ldquo;假山王国&rdquo;之美誉。狮子林的湖石假山既多且精美，湖石玲珑，洞壑宛转，曲折盘旋，如入迷阵，有&ldquo;桃源十八景&rdquo;之称。洞顶奇峰怪石林立，均似狮子起舞之状。有含晖、吐月、玄玉、昂霞等名峰，而以狮子峰为诸峰之首。园内建筑以燕誉堂为主，堂后为小方厅，有立雪堂。向西可到指柏轩，为二层阁楼，四周有庑，高爽玲珑。指柏轩之西是古五松园。西南角为见山楼。由见山楼往西，可到荷花厅。厅西北傍池建真趣亭，亭内藻饰精美，人物花卉栩栩如生。亭旁有两层石舫。石舫备岸为暗香疏影楼，由此循走廊转弯向南可达飞瀑亭，是为全园最高处。园西景物中心是问梅阁，阁前为双仙香馆。双香仙馆南行折东，西南角有扇子亭，亭后辟有小院，清新雅致。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">得名与历史</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　狮子林原为菩提正宗寺的后花园，公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1341</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，高僧天如禅师来到苏州讲经，受到弟子们拥戴。翌年（元代最后一位皇帝顺帝至正二年），弟子们买地置屋为天如禅师建禅林。园始建于元代至正二年（公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1342</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年），由天如禅师惟则的弟子为奉其师所造，初名&ldquo;狮子林寺&rdquo;，后易名&ldquo;普提正宗寺&rdquo;、&ldquo;圣恩寺&rdquo;。史载，元末名僧天如禅师维则的弟子&ldquo;相率出资，买地结屋，以居其师&rdquo;。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　因园内&ldquo;林有竹万，竹下多怪石，状如狻猊（狮子）者&rdquo;，又因天如禅师维则得法于浙江天目山狮子岩普应国师中峰，为纪念佛徒衣钵、师承关系，取佛经中狮子座之意，故名&ldquo;师子林&rdquo;、&ldquo;狮子林&rdquo;。亦因佛书上有&ldquo;狮子吼&rdquo;一语</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">&ldquo;狮子吼&rdquo;是指禅师传授经文</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，且众多假山酷似狮形而命名。</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">惟则曾作诗《狮子林即景十四首》，描述当时园景和生活情景。园建成后，当时许多诗人画家来此参禅，所作诗画列入&ldquo;狮子林纪胜集&rdquo;。天如禅师谢世以后，弟子散去，寺园逐渐荒芜。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　明洪武六年（公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1373</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年），</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">73</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">岁的大书画家倪瓒（号云林）途经苏州，曾参与造园，并题诗作画（绘有《狮子林图》），使狮子林名声大振，成为佛家讲经说法和文人赋诗作画之胜地。清乾隆初，寺园变为私产，与寺殿隔绝，名涉园，因园内有五棵松树</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">故又称五松园。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1917</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年为颜料买办商人贝润生购得，经</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年修建、扩建，仍名狮子林（园东为贝氏家祠、族学和住宅）。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　明万历十七年（公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1589</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年），明姓和尚托钵化缘于长安，重建狮子林圣恩寺、佛殿，再现兴旺景象。至康熙年间，寺、园分开，后为黄熙之父、衡州知府黄兴祖买下，取名&ldquo;涉园&rdquo;。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1703</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日清康熙巡游至此，赐额&ldquo;狮林寺&rdquo;，后清乾隆皇帝六游狮子林，先后赐&ldquo;镜智圆照&rdquo;、&ldquo;画禅寺&rdquo;及现存&ldquo;真趣&rdquo;等额匾。清乾隆三十六年（公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1771</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年），黄熙高中状元，精修府第，重整庭院，取名&ldquo;五松园&rdquo;。至清光绪中叶黄氏家道衰败，园已倾圯，唯假山依旧。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1917</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，上海颜料巨商贝润生（世界著名建筑大师贝聿铭的叔父）从民政总长李钟钰手中购得狮子林，花</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">80</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万银元，用了将近</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的时间整修，新增了部分景点，并冠以&ldquo;狮子林&rdquo;旧名，狮子林一时冠盖苏城。贝润生原准备筹备开放，但因抗战爆发而未能如愿。公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1945</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年贝润生病故后，狮子林由其孙贝焕章管理。解放后，贝氏后人将园捐献给国家，苏州园林管理处接管整修后，于公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1954</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年对公众开放。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">综合评价</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　由于林园几经兴衰变化，寺、园、宅分而又合，传统造园手法与佛教思想相互融合，以及近代贝氏家族把西洋造园手法和家祠引入园中，使其成为融禅宗之理、园林之乐于一体的寺庙园林。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">苏州狮子林胜景</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">造园手法</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　狮子林虽缀山不高，但洞壑盘旋，嵌空奇绝；虽凿池不深，但回环曲折，层次深奥，飞瀑流泉隐没于花木扶疏之中，古树名木令人叫绝，厅堂楼阁更是精巧细致，无愧为吴中名园。狮子林的古建筑大都保留了元代风格，为元代园林代表作。园以叠石取胜，洞壑宛转，怪石林立，水池萦绕。依山傍水有指柏轩、真趣亭、问梅阁、石舫、卧云室诸构。主厅燕誉堂，结构精美，陈设华丽，是典型的鸳鸯厅形式；指柏轩，南对假山，下临小池，古柏苍劲，如置画中；见山楼，可览群峰，山峦如云似海；菏花厅雕镂精工；五松园庭院幽雅；湖心亭、暗香疏影楼、扇亭等均各有特色，耐人观赏。园内四周长廊萦绕，花墙漏窗变化繁复，名家书法碑帖条石珍品</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">70</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">余方，至今饮誉世间。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">建筑布局</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　建筑可分祠堂、住宅与庭园三部分，现园子的入口原是贝氏宗祠，有硬山厅堂二进，檐高厅深，光线暗淡，气氛肃穆。住宅区以燕誉堂为代表，是全园的主厅，建筑高敞宏丽，堂内陈设雍容华贵。沿主厅甫北轴线上共有四个小庭园燕誉堂甫以白、紫玉兰和牡丹花台为春景庭园，亲切明快。堂北庭园植樱花二株。更添春意。小方厅为歇山式，厅内东西两侧空窗与窗外腊梅、甫天竹、石峰共同构成&ldquo;寒梅图&rdquo;和&ldquo;竹石图&rdquo;，犹如无言小诗，点活了小小方厅。狮子林的漏花窗形式多样，做功精巧，尤以九狮峰后&ldquo;琴&rdquo;、&ldquo;棋&rdquo;、&ldquo;书&rdquo;、&ldquo;画&rdquo;四樘和指柏轩周围墙上以自然花卉为题材的泥塑式漏花窗为上品。而空窗和门洞的巧妙运用，则以小方厅中这两幅框景和九狮峰院的海棠花形门洞为典型，九狮峰院以九狮峰为主景，东西各设开敞与封闭的两个半亭，互相对比，交错而出，突出石峰。再往北又得一小院，黄杨花台一座，曲廊一段，幽静淡雅。这种通过院落层层引入，步步展开的手法，使空间变化丰富，景深扩大，为主花园起到绝好的铺垫作用。主花园内荷花厅、真趣亭傍水而筑，木装修雕刻精美。石舫是混凝土结构，但形态小巧，体量适宜。暗香疏影楼是楼非楼，楼上走廊可达假山，设计颇具匠心。飞瀑亭、问梅阁、立雪堂则与瀑布、寒梅、修竹相互呼应，点题喻意，回味无穷。扇亭、文天样碑亭、御碑亭由一长廊贯串，打破了南墙的平直、高峻感。主花园的建筑主要分布在北部，前后错落，形式多变，但由于建造年代的不同和贝氏在重建时对园林的理解不同，在建筑材料的运用和体量比例上看，旱船过于写实，问梅阁体量过大，见山楼外形中西结合，甚至有混凝土六角亭，建筑风格不够统一。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　入园，便见玲珑石笋、石峰、丛植牡丹及白玉兰，与&ldquo;立雪堂&rdquo;背面侧窗和谐统一，使框景更趋完整，形成进入庭院前视觉上的美感，同时喻&ldquo;玉堂富贵&rdquo;之意。并有蔽外隐内之含义而景深意远。庭院北是主体建筑高敞宏丽的鸳鸯厅。南厅名&ldquo;燕誉堂&rdquo;，出自《诗经》，意为名高禄重安闲快乐。燕誉堂为全园主厅，高敞宏丽。堂屋门上有&ldquo;入胜&rdquo;、&ldquo;通幽&rdquo;、&ldquo;听香&rdquo;、&ldquo;读画&rdquo;、&ldquo;幽观&rdquo;、&ldquo;胜赏&rdquo;砖刻匾额。北厅称&ldquo;绿玉青瑶之馆&rdquo;，出自元画家倪云林诗中，&ldquo;绿水&rdquo;指水，&ldquo;青瑶&rdquo;指假山。中堂屏风南面刻《重修狮子林记》，记述贝氏</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1917</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">―</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1926</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年间重修&ldquo;狮子林&rdquo;的经过。北面刻《狮子林图》，寺峰古柏，飞瀑层楼。厅内陈设精致华贵。厅的前廊西侧可通&ldquo;立雪堂&rdquo;，后廊西侧门宕通假山洞穴而进入&ldquo;卧云厅&rdquo;，在后为小方厅，厅名&ldquo;园涉成趣&rdquo;，其西侧辟门，可登假山。以鸳鸯厅为中心，面向四方的布局，颇为巧妙。厅前有&ldquo;息庐&rdquo;、&ldquo;安隐&rdquo;砖刻。院内湖石、花台、小树组成一景。穿越小方厅，见院中花台上的巨峰气势雄伟，由九头不同姿态的狮子组成。峰北院墙漏窗的框形各异，并分别套入琴棋书画图案，流畅明快。向西可到指柏轩，为二层阁楼，四周有庑，高爽玲珑。古五松园在指粕轩之西，中间隔一竹园。园里旧有五棵大古松，霜干虬枝，亭亭似盖，所以狮子林从前曾名五松园。转弯向南到飞瀑亭。这里为全园最高处，用湖石迭成三迭，下临深渊，上有水源，开动机钮，即成人工瀑布。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">堆山与理水</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　苏州园林甲江南；狮子林假山迷宫甲园林。狮子林以假山著称，山占地面积约</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">0.15</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公顷。可以说，狮子林假山是中国园林大规模假山的仅存者，具有重要的历史价值和艺术价值。狮子林假山群峰起伏，气势雄浑，奇峰怪石，玲珑剔透。假山群共有九条路线，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">21</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个洞口。横向极尽迂回曲折，竖向力求回环起伏。游人穿洞，左右盘旋，时而登峰巅，时而沉落谷底，仰观满目迭嶂，俯视四面坡差，如入深山峻岭。洞穴诡谲，忽而开朗，忽而幽深，蹬道参差，或平缓，或险隘，给游人带来一种恍惚迷离的神秘趣味。&ldquo;对面石势阴，回头路忽通。如穿九曲珠，旋绕势嵌空。如逢八阵图，变化形无穷。故路忘出入，新术迷西东。同游偶分散，音闻人不逢。变幻开地脉，神妙夺天工&rdquo;，&ldquo;人道我居城市里，我疑身在万山中&rdquo;，就是狮子林的真实写照。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　狮子林的假山，通过模拟与佛教故事有关的人体、狮形、兽像等，喻佛理于其中，以达到渲染佛教气氛之目的。这种做法被后人乱用，演变为以堆砌某种动物形象为悦，而产生部分拙劣之作，使得有些园林专家认为其东部叠山技法及效果有背自然之理。它的山洞作法也不完全是以自然山洞为蓝本，而是采用迷宫式作法，通过婉蜒曲折，错综复杂的洞穴相连，以增加游人兴趣，所以其山用&ldquo;情&rdquo;、&ldquo;趣&rdquo;二字概括更宜。园东部叠山以&ldquo;趣&rdquo;为胜，全部用湖石堆砌，并以佛经狮子座为拟态造型，进行抽象与夸张，构成石峰林立，出入奇巧的&ldquo;假山王国&rdquo;。山体分上、中、下三层，有山洞二十一个，曲径九条。崖壑曲折，峰回路转，游人行至其间，如入迷宫，妙趣横生。山顶石峰有&ldquo;含晖&rdquo;、&ldquo;吐丹&rdquo;、&ldquo;玉立&rdquo;、&ldquo;昂霄&rdquo;、&ldquo;狮子&rdquo;诸峰，各具神态，千奇百怪，令人联想翩翩。山上古柏、古松枝干苍劲，更添山林野趣。此假山西侧设狭长水涧，将山体分成两部分。跨涧而造修竹阁，阁处模仿天然石壁溶洞形状，把假山连成一体，手法别具匠心。园林西部和南部山体则有瀑布、旱涧道、石磴道等，与建筑、墙体和水面自然结合，配以广玉兰、银在、香樟和竹子等植物，构成一幅天然图画，使游人在游览园林，欣赏景色的同时，领悟&ldquo;要适林中趣，应存物外情&rdquo;的禅理。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　园内水体聚中有分。聚合型的主体水池中心有亭伫立，曲桥连亭，似分似合，水中红鳞跃波，翠柳拂水，云影浮动，真是&ldquo;半亩方塘一镜开，天光云影共徘徊&rdquo;。水源的处理更是别具一格，在园西假山深处，山石做悬崖状。一股清泉经湖石三叠，奔泻而下，如琴鸣山谷、清脆悦耳，形成了苏州古典园林引人注目的人造瀑布。园中水景丰富，溪涧泉流，迂回于洞壑峰峦之间，隐约于林木之中，藏尾于山石洞穴，变幻幽深，曲折丰富。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">植物配置</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　苏州园林的植物配置基调是以落叶树为主，常绿树为辅。用竹类、芭蕉、藤萝和草花作点缀，通过孤植和丛植的手法，选择枝叶扶疏、体态潇洒、色香清雅的花木，按照作画的构图原理进行栽植，使树木不仅成为造景的素材，又是观景的主题。许多树木的种植与园林建筑和诗词匾联、人物典故相呼应，喻情于草木。狮子林的植物配置亦照此理，东部假山区以古柏和白皮松为主，西部和南部山地则以梅、竹、银杏为主。配植色香态俱佳的花木，疏密相间，错落有致，不仅增加了林木森郁的气氛。更使山石、建筑、树木溶合一体，而成为真正的&ldquo;城市山林&rdquo;。指柏轩前假山上有元代古柏数株，有白皮松五棵，姿态苍劲，皆成画意。暗香疏影楼和问梅阁推窗可见三、五株梅，疏影横斜，暗香浮动。尤其问梅阁中桌椅、吊顶都是梅花形，窗纹用冰梅纹，书画内容亦与梅有关，与地上&ldquo;冰壶&rdquo;古井共同构成一幅思乡的画卷。更有文天样《梅花诗》：&ldquo;静虚群动息，身雅一身清；春色凭谁记，梅花插座瓶&rdquo;，借梅咏怀，体现了文天样正气凛然的高尚情操。山石间有六百年年银杏一株，粗干老木，盘根错节于石隙间，夏日浓荫庇日。秋叶灿若织锦，成为狮子林中一美景。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">相关赞誉</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　据史载，</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1703</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日康熙皇帝南巡、狮子林赐额&ldquo;狮林寺&rdquo;后，乾隆皇帝六游狮子林，先后赐&ldquo;镜智圆照&rdquo;、&ldquo;画禅寺&rdquo;及现存&ldquo;真趣&rdquo;等匾额。乾隆还下令在北京圆明园、承德避暑山庄内仿建了两座狮子林。可见当年帝皇对狮子林情有独钟。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　清代学者俞樾赞誉狮子林&ldquo;五复五反看不足，九上九下游未全&rdquo;。当代园林专家童俊评述狮子林假山&ldquo;盘环曲折、登降不遑，丘壑宛转，迷似回文&rdquo;。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2006</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">05</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日，</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">狮子林作为元代古建筑，被国务院批准列入第六批全国重点文物保护单位名单。</span></span></p>
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